Scottish Export, also known as 80 Shilling, is a traditional Scottish ale known for its rich malt character and moderate alcohol content. Typically ranging from 4.3% to 5.2% ABV, this beer style features a deep copper to dark brown color with excellent clarity and a creamy, off-white to tan head. The flavor profile is characterized by a dominant malt sweetness with notes of caramel, toffee, and a hint of roastiness, balanced by a low hop bitterness. Scottish Export is known for its smooth mouthfeel and balanced flavors, making it a satisfying and enjoyable beer.
What Judges Look For
Judges expect a Scottish Export to pour with good clarity and a moderate, off-white head that has good retention. The aroma should feature a rich malt character with notes of caramel, toffee, and a subtle hint of roasted malt. The hop aroma should be low to none, allowing the malt to take center stage. On the palate, a well-crafted Scottish Export should offer a complex malt profile with flavors of bread crust, caramel, toffee, and a slight roastiness, balanced by a gentle hop bitterness. The finish should be smooth and slightly sweet, with no lingering bitterness. Any signs of diacetyl, excessive fruitiness, or astringency are considered flaws.
History of the Style
The history of Scottish Export dates back to the 19th century in Scotland, where it emerged as a popular style among the working-class population. The term “80 Shilling” refers to the price of a barrel of this beer in the early days of its production, with the number reflecting its strength and tax classification. Scottish Export was traditionally brewed with locally available ingredients, resulting in a malt-forward beer with low hop bitterness. Over time, the style has remained a staple of Scottish brewing, appreciated for its moderate strength and rich malt character.
Recipe Crafting
Crafting a Scottish Export recipe involves selecting ingredients that highlight its rich malt character and balanced profile. Start with a base of pale malt, which provides the foundation for the beer. Add specialty malts such as Crystal malt for caramel sweetness, and a small amount of Chocolate malt or Roasted Barley for color and a hint of roastiness. Hops should be traditional British varieties like East Kent Goldings or Fuggles, providing a very low bitterness and subtle herbal notes. Aim for an IBU range of 15-30. A classic Scottish ale yeast such as Wyeast 1728 (Scottish Ale) or White Labs WLP028 (Edinburgh Ale) is ideal for fermentation, contributing mild fruity esters and a slightly mineral character.
Brewing Techniques
Brewing Scottish Export requires careful attention to achieve its balanced and rich flavor profile. Start with a single infusion mash at around 154-158°F to promote a full body and rich malt flavor. Conduct a 60-minute boil, adding hops at the beginning of the boil to achieve the desired low bitterness. Fermentation should be carried out at cool ale temperatures (60-65°F) to maintain a clean profile with subtle fruity esters. Scottish Export benefits from a short conditioning period to allow flavors to meld and mature, which can be achieved through traditional cask conditioning or bottle conditioning.
Common Pitfalls
Brewing Scottish Export can be challenging due to the style’s demand for balance and subtlety. One common pitfall is achieving the right balance between malt sweetness and hop bitterness—too much sweetness can make the beer cloying, while too much bitterness can make it harsh. Ensuring proper mash temperatures and hop additions is key. Achieving the desired clarity can also be an issue; using high-quality ingredients and proper fining techniques like gelatin or isinglass can help. Maintaining yeast health is critical; under-pitching or fermenting at too high a temperature can introduce off-flavors that detract from the beer’s clean profile.
Serving and Pairing
Scottish Export is traditionally served in a pint glass or a mug, which highlights its clarity and supports its modest head. Serve it slightly warmer than refrigerator temperature, around 50-55°F, to enhance its flavors. This beer pairs wonderfully with a variety of foods. Its rich malt profile complements dishes such as roasted meats, sausages, and stews. The malt sweetness pairs well with hearty dishes like shepherd’s pie and roasted root vegetables. For dessert, consider pairing it with caramel-based desserts, nutty treats like pecan pie, or a slice of fruitcake to highlight its caramel and toffee notes.
Variations and Experimental Brews
While traditional Scottish Export adheres to a classic malt and hop regimen, there’s room for innovation. Brewers can experiment with different malt combinations, incorporating specialty malts like CaraPils or Honey malt for added complexity. Hopping techniques can also be explored, though in moderation to maintain the style’s malt-forward character. Some brewers might try variations with adjuncts like honey, molasses, or oats to introduce subtle flavor and mouthfeel changes. The key is to maintain the style’s balance and drinkability while exploring new, complementary elements.
Resources and References
For those interested in delving deeper into the world of Scottish Export, the following resources can provide valuable insights:
- “Brewing Classic Styles” by Jamil Zainasheff and John Palmer offers detailed recipes and insights into brewing Scottish Export and other traditional styles.
- “Designing Great Beers” by Ray Daniels provides a comprehensive guide to the principles and practices of brewing various beer styles, including Scottish Export.
- The American Homebrewers Association (AHA) website features a wealth of recipes, tips, and forums for homebrewers of all levels.
- Beer Judge Certification Program (BJCP) guidelines offer detailed descriptions and specifications for Scottish Export and other beer styles.
Final Thoughts
Scottish Export is a beer that embodies the rich brewing traditions of Scotland and the artistry of crafting a balanced, malt-forward brew. It’s a beer that invites you to savor its rich, complex flavors and appreciate the skill required to create such a refreshing and satisfying beer. Whether you’re a homebrewer looking to perfect your recipe or a beer enthusiast eager to explore new styles, Scottish Export offers a rewarding experience that’s both comforting and invigorating. So, pour yourself a pint, raise it high, and toast to the malt-focused delight that is Scottish Export. Slàinte!
Do you see any errors or omissions, or do you have a great resource or award-winning recipe I should Add? Leave me a note in the comments field below!