Course: Research Methods
Question:
Is experimental research qualitative or quantitative?
Short Answer:
Experimental research is typically quantitative as it involves measuring variables numerically and often uses statistical analysis to understand relationships between these variables.
Long Answer:
Understanding Research Approaches: Qualitative vs. Quantitative
Before we delve into whether experimental research is qualitative or quantitative, it’s important to understand what these terms mean. In simple terms, quantitative research uses numerical data and statistical methods to understand phenomena. On the other hand, qualitative research is more about exploring complex phenomena in-depth, using non-numerical data such as interviews, observations, and textual analysis.
Experimental Research as a Quantitative Method
Experimental research typically falls under the umbrella of quantitative research methods. This is because experimental research designs usually involve manipulating one variable (the independent variable) to observe its effect on another variable (the dependent variable). These variables are often measured numerically, which makes the research quantitative.
For example, an experimental research design might test whether a specific teaching strategy improves students’ test scores. Here, the teaching strategy is the independent variable, and the student’s test scores (which are numerical) represent the dependent variable.
The Role of Statistics in Experimental Research
In experimental research, statistical analysis often plays a critical role. Researchers use various statistical methods to analyze the data collected, aiming to understand whether the changes observed in the dependent variable can be attributed to the manipulation of the independent variable.
These statistical analyses allow researchers to determine the significance of their findings. In other words, they can establish whether the results they observed are likely due to the manipulation of the independent variable or just happened by chance. This focus on numerical data and statistical analysis aligns experimental research with the quantitative research approach.
The Exception: Mixed Methods Research
It’s important to note that while experimental research is typically quantitative, there are cases where it can incorporate elements of qualitative research as well, in what’s known as mixed methods research. For instance, researchers might complement their experimental research with interviews or focus groups to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomena under study. In such cases, the research becomes a blend of both quantitative and qualitative methods.
I hope this answers the question, “Is experimental research qualitative or quantitative?” If you have any questions, post them in the comment field below!