Reading Assignment for Section 7.2

Read the following subsection from our online textbook: Section 7.2: Levels of Force and Justifications.

Note: This section spans multiple pages, so be sure to review all pages to fully understand the material.

What You Will Learn

In this section, you’ll explore the Use of Force Continuum, a framework that guides law enforcement responses from the least invasive measures to the use of lethal force. You’ll learn about legal justifications and ethical considerations for deadly force, as well as the role of non-lethal alternatives within this continuum. Additionally, you’ll examine the importance of training, accountability, and oversight in ensuring the proper application of force while fostering public trust.

Student Learning Outcomes for Section 7.2

• SLO 1: Describe the Use of Force Continuum and explain how its levels—ranging from officer presence to lethal force—guide law enforcement responses based on situational threats.
• SLO 2: Evaluate the legal justifications for the use of deadly force, including principles established in Tennessee v. Garner (1985) and other case law, and assess the societal and ethical considerations surrounding its application.
• SLO 3: Identify and analyze non-lethal force options, including Tasers, pepper spray, and batons, and discuss their role within the Use of Force Continuum as alternatives to lethal force.
• SLO 4: Explain the importance of training, accountability, and adherence to departmental policies in the use of both lethal and non-lethal force, emphasizing proportionality and necessity.
• SLO 5: Assess the legal and departmental consequences of improper use of force, including civil and criminal liabilities, and discuss strategies for promoting transparency and public trust through oversight and reporting mechanisms.