Reading Assignment for Section 3

Read the following section from our online textbook: Section 3: Variables and Hypotheses.

What You Will Learn

In this module, you’ll learn to formulate precise, testable research hypotheses with clear variable relationships and operational definitions. You’ll differentiate between constants, independent, and dependent variables, including latent and observable types. You’ll master the four scales of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) and learn how to choose appropriate statistical methods. Additionally, you’ll gain an understanding of sampling techniques and generalizability, including sampling error, size, and confidence intervals, and apply hypothesis testing and statistical concepts, such as statistical power, significance, and effect size.

Student Learning Outcomes for Section 3

• SLO 1: Formulate precise, testable research hypotheses with clear variable relationships and operational definitions.
• SLO 2: Differentiate constants, independent, and dependent variables in social science research, including latent and observable types.
• SLO 3: Master the four scales of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) and choose appropriate statistical methods.
• SLO 4: Understand sampling techniques and generalizability, including sampling error, size, and confidence intervals.
• SLO 5: Apply hypothesis testing and statistical concepts, understanding statistical power, significance, and effect size.

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