Doc’s CJ Glossary: M – N – O

Legend

• Parentheses are used to show acronyms:  Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
• Brackets are used to show a parent topic or organization:  (ATF) [U.S. Dept. of Justice]
• Curly brackets are used to disambiguate terms:  element {of a crime}
• Terms in black have not yet been defined, but are forthcoming.

M

• Machine Learning Algorithms [Juvenile Justice]
• Mafia
• Magistrate
• Magistrate Judge
• Magna Carta
• Major Crimes.  See Part I Offenses.  (FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports)
• Mala In Se (Legal Latin)
• Mala Prohibita (Legal Latin)
• Malice Aforethought [Criminal Law]  See also Premeditation.
• Malicious Mischief [Criminal Law]
• Management Contracts [Corrections]
• Mandatory Sentencing
• Mandela Rules [Corrections]
• Manslaughter [Criminal Law]
• Mapp v. Ohio (1961)     Read the Abridged Case
• Marble Cake Federalism
• Marbury v. Madison (1803)
• Marginalized [Juvenile Justice]
• Marginalized Backgrounds [Corrections]
• Marital Rape [Criminal Law]
• Maryland v. Garrison (1987)
• Maryland v. Wilson (1997)     Read the Abridged Case
• Mass Incarceration [Corrections]
• Matched Groups [Juvenile Justice]
• Maximum-Security Prison [Corrections]
• Maximum Sentence
• Mayhem [Criminal Law]
• McCleskey v. Kemp (1987)    Read the Abridged Case
• McKeiver v. Pennsylvania (1971)     Read the Abridged Case
• Media Coverage [Juries]
• Media Influence [Juvenile Justice]
• Mediation
• Medical Emergencies
• Medical Model {of Corrections}
• Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) [Corrections]
• Medium-Security Prison [Corrections]
• Megan’s Law [Criminal Law]
• Mempa v. Rhay (1967)     Read the Abridged Case
• Mens Rea (Legal Latin)
• Mental Health [Juvenile Justice]
• Mental Health Conditions [Corrections]
• Mental Health Crisis [Policing]
• Mental Health Diversion Programs [Corrections]
• Mental Health Treatment
• Mentally Ill Offenders [Corrections]
• Mentoring Programs [Juvenile Justice]
• Mentorship [Corrections]
• Mere Hunch {Procedural Law}
• Meta-Analysis [Corrections]
• Miller v. Alabama (2012) [Juvenile Justice]
• Minimum-Security Prison [Corrections]
• Miranda Rights [Procedural Law]
• Miranda Triggers [Procedural Law]
• Miranda v. Arizona (1966)     Read the Abridged Case
• Miranda Warnings [Procedural Law] See Miranda Rights.
• Misdemeanant
• Misdemeanor
• Mistrial
• Misprision of Felony [Criminal Law]
• Misprision of Treason [Criminal Law]
• Mistake Defense [Criminal Law]
• Mistake of Fact [Criminal Law] See Mistake Defense.
• Mistake of Law [Criminal Law]  See Mistake Defense.
• Mitigate [Juvenile Justice]
• Mitigating Circumstances [Criminal Law / Sentencing]
• Mixed Sentence [Corrections]
• M’Naghten Rule [Criminal Law]
• Model Penal Code (MPC) [Criminal Law]
• Models of Criminal Justice
• Models of Punishment
• Modern Jurisprudence [Corrections]
• Modify [Case Disposition]
• Monell v. Department of Social Services (1978)     Read the Abridged Case
• Monetary Fine
• Money Laundering [Criminal Law]
• Montanye v. Haymes [Corrections]
• Monitoring Centers [Juvenile Justice]
• Montgomery v. Louisiana (2016) [Juvenile Justice]
• Moot [Procedural Law]
• Morrissey v. Brewer (1972)     Read the Abridged Case
• Mosaic Code
• Motion
• Motion for a New Trial
• Motion in Limine
• Motion to Suppress
• Motivational Interviewing [Corrections]
• Motive
• Motor Vehicle Theft (FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports)
• Multiculturalism
• Multifaceted [Juvenile Justice]
• Multifactorial Approaches [Juvenile Justice]
• Multiethnic
• Multimodal Treatment for Drug Abuse (MTDA) [Corrections]
• Multiracial
• Multi-Systemic Therapy (MST) [Juvenile Justice]
• Multi-tiered Systems of Support (MTSS) [Juvenile Justice]
• Municipal Court
• Murder [Criminal Law]
• Murder and Nonnegligent Manslaughter (FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports)
• Murphy v. Collier [Corrections]
• Mutual Pledge System
• Mutual Respect [Juvenile Justice]

N

• NAACP
• NAACP Legal Defense Fund [Corrections]
• Narcoterrorism
• National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
• National Criminal Justice Reference Service (OJP)  [U.S. Department of Justice]
• National Incident-based Reporting System (NIBRS) [FBI]
• National Institute of Corrections (FBOP) [U.S. Department of Justice]
• National Institute of Justice (OJP) [U.S. Department of Justice]
• National Protection and Programs Directorate (NPPD) [Homeland Security]
• National Security Division (NSD) [Homeland Security]
• Nationalization
• Natural Law
• Necessity Defense [Criminal Law]  See Lesser of Two Evils Defense.
• Needs of Society
• Neglected Child
• Negligence [Criminal Law]
• Negligent Manslaughter [FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports]
• Negotiation [Policing]
• Neighborhood Disadvantage [Corrections] 
• Neoclassical Criminology
• New Jersey v. TLO (1985)
• New Police.  See London Metropolitan Police Force
• New York v. Quarles (1984)     Read the Abridged Case
• Night Watch [Policing]
• Nix v. Williams (1984)     Read the Abridged Case
• No-knock Warrant [Procedural Law]
• Nolle Prosequi (Legal Latin)
• Nolo Contendere (Legal Latin)
• Nonsystem Argument
• Non-deadly Force
• Non-Discrimination [Corrections]
• Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) [Juvenile Justice]
• North Carolina v. Alford (1970)     Read the Abridged Case
• Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity [Criminal Law]
• Not Guilty Plea
• Norms [Juvenile Justice]
• Nothing-works Doctrine
• No True Bill

O

• Objections [Law]
• Objectivity [Law / Research Methods]
• Objectively Reasonable [Law]
• Obscenity
• Obstruction of Justice
• Occupational Crime
• Offender
• Offender Accountability [Corrections]
• Offender-specific Treatment [Juvenile Justice]
• Offense
• Offense Known to Police [FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports]
• Office for Victims of Crime [U.S. Department of Justice]
• Office of the Associate Attorney General [U.S. Department of Justice]
• Office of Attorney Recruitment & Management [U.S. Department of Justice]
• Office of Health Affairs (OHA) [Homeland Security]
• Office of Intelligence and Analysis (I&A) [Homeland Security]
• Office of the Deputy Attorney General [U.S. Department of Justice]
• Office of the Inspector General [U.S. Department of Justice]
• Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention  (OJJDP) [U.S. Dept. of Justice]
• Office of Operations Coordination and Planning [Homeland Security]
• Office of Policy [Homeland Security]
• Office of the Pardon Attorney [U.S. Department of Justice]
• Office of Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering, and Tracking (SMART) [U.S. Department of Justice]
• Office of the Solicitor General [U.S. Department of Justice]
• Office of Special Counsel [U.S. Department of Justice]
• Office of Tribal Justice  [U.S. Department of Justice]
• Office on Violence Against Women  [U.S. Department of Justice]
• Officer Discretion [Corrections]
• Official Misconduct in Office [Criminal Law]
• Omission [Criminal Law]
• Online Grooming [Juvenile Justice]
• Open Fields Doctrine [Procedural Law]
• Opening Statement
• Operant Conditioning [Juvenile Justice]
• Operational Capacity
• Opinion {Judicial}
• Opportunity Theory [Criminology]
• Oral Argument {Courts}
• Order Maintenance [Policing]
• Ordinance [Law]
• Ordinary Crime
• Organized Crime
• Original Jurisdiction
• Outcomes [Juvenile Justice]
• Outreach [Juvenile Justice]
• Overlapping Symptoms [Juvenile Justice]
• Oversight Mechanisms [Corrections]
• Overturn [Law]

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