Section Overview
This section introduces the range of research methods used in sociology, highlighting the strengths and limitations of each approach. It covers survey methods, which gather data on attitudes, behaviors, and opinions, and explains field research, which involves observing people in their natural environments to better understand social behavior and context.
The section also explores participant observation, an immersive technique that provides insights from within social settings, and ethnography, which offers a detailed look at cultural values and social perspectives within specific groups. Secondary data analysis—using existing research and records—is also discussed as a valuable and efficient research strategy.
Additionally, the section addresses the Hawthorne effect, which describes how participants may alter their behavior when they know they are being observed. Throughout, the importance of ethical research practices and maintaining objectivity is emphasized. Ultimately, the choice of research method depends on the specific research question, the topic under investigation, and the practical considerations involved in each study.
Reading Assignment for Section 1.5
Read the following subsection from our online textbook: Section 1.5: Social Research.
What You Will Learn
In this section, you will explore the various research methods used in sociology and examine the strengths and limitations of each approach. You’ll learn how surveys are used to collect data on behaviors, opinions, and attitudes. You’ll also study the role of field research in observing human behavior in natural environments, and gain an understanding of participant observation as a method for gaining a close-up view of social dynamics.
Student Learning Outcomes for Section 1.5
- SLO 1: Students will understand the various research methods used in sociology and evaluate their strengths and limitations.
- SLO 2: Students will explain how surveys are used to collect data on behaviors, opinions, and attitudes.
- SLO 3: Students will describe the role of field research in observing and understanding human behavior in natural settings.
- SLO 4: Students will examine participant observation as a method for gaining insight into social dynamics from within a group.
- SLO 5: Students will recognize secondary data analysis as an efficient research method and assess its potential challenges and limitations.
Modification History File Created: 05/07/2023 Last Modified: 05/20/2025
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